Social Security for Unorganised Sector Workers free essay sample

The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector was set up by the UPA Government under the Chairmanship of Arjun Sengupta in September 2004. The Commission prepared two draft bills: (1) Unorganised Sector Workers Social Security Bill, 2005, and (2) Unorganised Sector Workers (conditions of work and livelihood promotion) Bill, 2005. According to the draft bill, it will cover all workers in the unorganised sector with a monthly income of Rs. 5,000 and below. This category includes self-employed workers (including marginal and small farmers), wage workers including agricultural labourers, and home-based workers. It also includes informal workers under the organised sector. It is estimated that around 30 crore workers are eligible under this scheme. The Bill indicates that there will be a national minimum social security for all eligible workers covering four things: (a) health insurance; (b) maternity benefits; (c) life insurance; and (d) old age pension. Every unorganised sector worker is eligible for registration. The registered worker will get a unique social security card. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Security for Unorganised Sector Workers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The existing welfare programmes will continue as before. A National Social Security Fund will be created. The scheme will be financed from the contributions at Re. 1 a day by workers, employers (wherever identified), and the Government (that is, Rs. 3 per worker a day or Rs. 1,095 a year). The Government contribution will be divided between Central Government and State Government in the ratio of 3:1 respectively (75 paise per worker by the Centre and 25 paise per worker by the State Governments). Similar to the Employment Guarantee Scheme, the National Commission estimated the costs of the minimum social security scheme. If all the 30 crore workers are covered, the contributions would work out to Rs. 32,850 crore. The share of the Central Government will be Rs. 17,548 crore and that of the State Governments Rs. 5,010 crore. This adds up to a total of Rs. 22,558 crore to be spent by Central and State Governments, equal to 0. 8 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product in 2004-05. If we include administrative and other expenses, the government contribution may not exceed one per cent of GDP. Similar to the national EGS, full coverage is expected to be reached in five years. If six crore workers are covered in the first year the cost will be Rs. 4,512 crore and Rs. 22,558 crore from the fifth year. The Government can contribute to the fund in the form of grants or through tax or cess. The second Bill, which deals with conditions of work and livelihood promotion, addresses the issues relating to providing a basic minimum standard on hours of work, payment of minimum wages, bonded labour, and child labour. The Bill also recognises some minimum entitlements of the workers such as the right to organise, non-discrimination in the payment of wages and conditions of work, safety at workplace, and absence of sexual harassment. The costs of providing health insurance, maternity benefits, life insurance, and old age pension for the 30 crore workers are not clear from the Bill. The Government contribution in the first year (Rs. 4,512 crore) is not large but in the fifth year it is closer to one per cent of GDP. As the draft says, tax or cess is one option for raising resources for the Government. The insistence on State Governments contributions may create problems for the scheme as their finances are in bad shape. the Bill seems to be following the targeting approach for identifying beneficiaries. For example, the Bill says that it would cover all workers in the unorganised sector with a monthly income of Rs. 5,000 and below. This may again lead to targeting errors and corruption. the implementation machinery still looks bureaucratic although decentralisation is mentioned. It is better to involve panchayati raj institutions more. Fourthly, legislation alone is not enough. For example, health insurance for all the workers will not help if there are no doctors and health infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. Hence, spending has to increase at the grassroots level for better delivery systems. Fifthly, the working of the present welfare boards for workers must be examined. Keralas experience shows that there are problems of sustainability, high costs, meagre benefits, etc. Lessons should be learnt from these experiences. Sixthly, the second Bill on conditions of workers is equally important. Some regulatory institutions are needed without ending up with inspector raj. Minimum wages have to be fixed keeping in view the increasing needs of the poor. The laws should be effectively implemented. Some estimates show that even if the number of days of employment are increased, the existing wages may not bring many workers above the poverty line. This is the main reason why we have so many working poor in the country. The poor are working but at low wages. The main issue is how to improve the wage rates for the unorganised workers. DOMESTIC WORKERS Live-in workers are often treated as 24-hour slaves. Many employers do not let them even step out of the house. Part-time domestic workers are in a slightly better position. They are not on duty 24 hours a day, have access to their own families and friends, and can quit work when employers become abusive. However, there is a growing demand for live-in workers who can double up as `ayahs or nurse-cum-companions for the elderly. To meet this demand, young girls and boys are often trafficked from the poorer districts of many States. From Bokaro district (Jharkhand) alone, three lakh girls have migrated or were trafficked, 40 per cent of whom were below 14. Their average annual earnings would be Rs. 200 crores, of which they take home only half; the other half goes to the agencies. A separate law is needed to control trafficking, besides regulating working conditions. Domestic workers are especially disadvantaged since they are not covered by laws such as the Industrial Disputes Act, the Equal Remuneration Act, or even the Minimum Wages Act. The Central government has been shying away from enacting any specific legislation for this group. A Domestic Workers (conditions of service) Bill was drafted as early as 1959 but was never enacted. The House Workers (conditions of service) Bill, 1989, was not enacted either. In 2003, the Human Rights Law Network filed a petition in the Supreme Court on behalf of the NDWM, pointing out that legislation to protect domestic workers had been stalled time and again. According to lawyer Vipin Mathew Benjamin, the government had told the court that domestic workers would be covered by the forthcoming Unorganised Sector Workers Bill, 2004. The Supreme Court passed an order saying that all suggestions and demands could be put before a tripartite committee to deliberate on the draft of the Bill. Consultations with all stakeholders were to be held at the Central and State levels. We dont have a problem if this bill is comprehensive, he said. According to Bhatnagar, who is also coordinating the National Campaign Committee for Unorganised Sector Workers, there are no fewer than five versions of the draft Bill. The one put up by the Union Labour Ministry has come in for heavy criticism. In a letter to the Prime Minister, Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer, former Judge of the Supreme Court, called it a `a half-baked law and said that rushing it through Parliament would be `a gross betrayal. Meanwhile, domestic workers are organising themselves. As a result, the Domestic Workers (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2003, has been tabled in the Maharashtra Assembly, while Karnataka has been persuaded to extend the Minimum Wages Act to domestic work. It is high time the government amended the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, which is applicable only to 64 professions (13 occupations and 51 processes) that are deemed hazardous.

The Pitfall of Gre Essay Samples Ets

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How to Write an Argumentative Essay on a Topic That Is Not Debatable

How to Write an Argumentative Essay on a Topic That Is Not DebatableYou've probably heard your teachers telling you that you need to know how to write an argumentative essay and be able to engage in debate. If you're not quite sure what that means, then you may be asking yourself 'what is the debate?' Can you really engage in debate? What do you have to say to convince someone to agree with you?Debate is a tactic used by a person to get his/her point across or to persuade the other person to agree with him/her. This tactic is often used in different forms, for example in a public forum, in a church or mosque. This debate can be of many types, some are civil, others may be religious. However, all debates have the same goal. That goal is to convince the other person to agree with you.In a civil debate, the two people discuss and compare their viewpoints. They share their views and try to convince the other person of the validity of their point of view. Sometimes the opposite view may b e provided by the moderator to make it more interesting. This way a well-rounded discussion may take place between two people that have differing points of view.On the other hand, in a religious debate, the two people may argue against each other's point of view. Although not necessarily civil, the debate can be one of persuasion is very important. Usually the moderator will keep a check on things and the moderator will even seek a consensus between the two people in order to encourage and help the other person to reach his/her point of view.In a debate, the stakes are high. You may lose your job, get bad grades, lose friends, and have your reputation tarnished. It's important that you follow what your teacher has taught you when writing an argumentative essay.The goal of this essay is to convince the reader that you are right and the other person is wrong. You may also argue that your point of view is the only right one, but I doubt you'll get far. So what is the debate all about? Your goal is to convince the reader that the opposite point of view is wrong and why.To write a persuasive essay that persuades your readers to agree with you, you must develop a good argument. You may start your argument with a reason and cite evidence. However, at times you may also need to convince your readers by using examples. But remember: be factual, avoid being intellectual and don't forget to add your opinion to your arguments.These are just some of the elements that must be included in your student's essay. If you want to know how to write an argumentative essay on a topic that is not debatable, then you need to find the correct resource to help you write your essay.

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How to Write an Investigative Essay for College

How to Write an Investigative Essay for CollegeIs your writing performance so poor that you're wondering how to write an investigative essay for college? With help from the following tips, you should be able to get your research paper completed and ready for submission.Knowing what to write about and how to do it is very important in your first year of college. Since you won't be taking classes in history or other specific subjects, it's wise to look for college samples with some historical information in them. You should find a sample essay on a topic that has not been covered before. This will give you something to start from.The college sample contains facts about a specific event. To write an investigative essay, you must understand the facts you're learning. You must be able to synthesize all of the information and present it to the reader in a logical and organized way. Make sure you stick to your thesis statement as you learn the facts about the particular incident.A knowledge able writer is one who is both an expert on their subject and an independent researcher. You should also be able to present a strong argument based on your research findings. If you can't present a cogent argument for the reasons why the person who did the event was guilty, then you'll most likely fail your essay.Make sure you're writing from a position of power. You must have more knowledge about the incident you're covering. Talk about the decisions and actions that could be taken by the person who is accused of doing the deed. The decision to prosecute the person or not could have major implications on the case. Your reporting should be impartial enough to at least put the suspected offender on notice of what might happen if they were to be found guilty.When you're not clear about the facts in the essay, you should read the entire sample to see if you're getting the point across. You may need to do this again to be sure you've understood all of the facts in the essay. Also, to av oid feeling overwhelmed, you may want to take several short breaks during the composition of the essay.You can't copy the exact format of the essay that's contained in the college sample. The most accurate way to prepare for an essay is to use a system of templates and content. To make it easier to get started, you should select two or three different essays and take them apart and analyze the ideas and findings within each of them.Writing a good college essay doesn't have to be difficult. With just a little research and some practice, you should have no trouble completing your investigation essay and winning your grade.